Tag: English
Another challenge: disposing of waste
Just one Ebola patient treated in a U.S. hospital will generate eight 55-gallon barrels of medical waste each day.
Protective gloves, gowns, masks and booties are donned and doffed by all who approach the patient’s bedside and then discarded. Disposable medical tools, packaging, bed sheets, cups, plates, tissues, towels, pillowcases and anything which is utilized to clean up after the individual has to be thrown away.
Dealing with this assortment of pathogen-filled debris without triggering new illnesses is a legal and logistical challenge for each U.S. hospital currently preparing for a possible visit by the virus.
In California and other states, it is a much worse waste-management nightmare.
While the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends autoclaving (a kind of sterilizing) or incinerating the waste as a surefire means of destroying the germs, burning waste is effectively banned in California, also banned in many different states.
“Storage, transport and disposal of the waste is going to be a significant issue,” California Hospital Association President C. Duane Dauner warned Sen. Barbara Boxer, D-Calif., in a letter last week.
Even a few states that normally permit incineration are throwing up barriers to Ebola waste.
In Missouri, the state attorney general has sought to pub Ebola-contaminated debris by a St. Louis incinerator operated by Stericycle Inc., the country’s biggest medical waste disposal firm.
as a result of restrictions on burning, California hospital representatives say their only alternative appears to be trucking the waste over public highways and incinerating it in a different state — a prospect which makes some environmental advocates embarrassing.
Prerequisites for transport
Under national transport guidelines, the material would be designated a Class A infectious substance, or one that’s capable of causing death or permanent disability, and might require special approval from the Department of Transportation, hospital representatives say. “Not to create any type of scare, but only given the makeup of the people and the hub we are. It is very possible” It can’t endure a 1,500-degree scorching within an incinerator, or even the prolonged, pressurized steam of an autoclave. “It is killed by bleach, by autoclaving, by an assortment of chemicals.”
But, CDC guidelines note that”chemical inactivation” has yet to be standardized and could trigger worker safety regulations.
Getting prepared
California health officials lately tried to reassure residents that the nation’s private and public hospitals were around the job and were actively training for the possible coming of Ebola.
“Ebola doesn’t pose a significant public health risk to California communities in the present time,” said Dr. Gil Chavez, an epidemiologist and deputy director in the California Department of Public Health. “Allow me to tell you why: Present scientific proof specifies that people can’t access Ebola through the atmosphere, food or water. … The Ebola virus doesn’t survive over a couple of hours on impervious surfaces.”
It was uncertain whether California officials viewed the waste issue as a possible issue.
Although one third of the nation’s private hospitals and”several” of its public hospitals reported to Boxer’s office there would be problems complying with the CDC’s incineration recommendation, and others, a state public health officer told reporters he was not aware of any conflicts.
Dr. David Perrott, chief medical officer for the California Hospital Association, said there was also confusion about whether contaminated human waste could be flushed down the toilet.
“Here is what we’ve heard from the CDC: It is OK,” Perrott said. “But we’ve heard from some sources, that maybe we must sterilize it somehow and then flush it down the toilet or you have to consult local governments. It sounds maybe a bit gross, but there is a real question about what to do with this waste.”
Dr. Thomas Ksiazek, a professor of microbiology and immunology at the University of Texas Medical Branch, has said he believes there’s been a lot of overreaction about Ebola medical waste.
“There are different methods to deal with the waste; autoclaving would be chief among them,” Ksiazek mentioned. “The issue is, most physicians don’t use it for many disposable products. They’re quite pleased to bag them up and send them to a normal medical disposal firm.”
But Allen Hershkowitz, a senior scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said incineration is simple and powerful, and should be available to hospitals to help eliminate the mountain of waste.
Hershkowitz said states began to crack down on medical waste incineration years back because substances which didn’t have to get burned were being sent to combustors and were emitting dangerous pollutants.
within this instance of Ebola medical waste, he said California should reconsider its limitations.
“There’s no pollutant that is going to come from a waste incinerator that is more dangerous than the Ebola virus,” Hershkowitz said. “When you’re dealing with pathogenic and biological hazards, sometimes the safest thing to do is combustion.”
by: http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Another-challenge-disposing-of-waste-5909413.php
“There are other ways to deal with the waste; autoclaving would be chief among them,” Ksiazek said. “The problem is, most hospitals don’t use it for most disposable items. They’re quite happy to bag them up and send them to a regular medical disposal company.”
But Allen Hershkowitz, a senior scientist at the Natural Resources Defense Council, said incineration is simple and effective, and should be available to hospitals to help dispose of the mountain of waste.
Hershkowitz said states began to crack down on medical waste incineration years ago because materials that didn’t need to be burned were being sent to combustors and were emitting dangerous pollutants.
In this case of Ebola medical waste, he said California should reconsider its restrictions.
“There’s no pollutant that’s going to come out of a waste incinerator that’s more dangerous than the Ebola virus,” Hershkowitz said. “When you’re dealing with pathogenic and biological hazards, sometimes the safest thing to do is combustion.”
by: http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Another-challenge-disposing-of-waste-5909413.php
County scraps plans for waste-to-energy incinerator
The Board of County Commissioners broke plans Thursday for a regional waste-to-energy incinerator, preferring to haul the county’s waste to a landfill using a short-term contract instead. Commissioners Paul Smith and Billy Shreve cast the dissenting votes to maintain the job on the dining table while the county investigates its options.
“It is absolutely no charge to the county to maintain these options open,” Smith stated. “To do away with these choices is mad.”
Terminating the undertaking will not cost the county any money as the Northeast Maryland Waste Disposal Authority, a quasi-governmental service that helps the county meet its trash disposal needs, will cover the $500,000 conclusion fee. Any remaining funds after this payment will be divided between Frederick County and Carroll County, which was once a partner in the undertaking. These funds are out of payments the authority has obtained from Wheelabrator after the service contract has been executed in 2010.
But, Young said he saw no purpose in voting to maintain plans for an incinerator, which could burn trash to electricity, open because County Executive-elect Jan Gardner intended to scrap the facility after accepting office Dec. 1.
“In the event the county executive-elect says finishing the job, what are you going to do within the next 30 to 60 days to convince her not to?” Young stated.
County Attorney John Mathias stated Gardner held the power to determine the fate of this incinerator job, not the County Council, if a decision was not made Thursday.
“I think you should terminate the entire thing,” Gardner testified in front of the plank and approximately 100 people gathered at Winchester Hall, garnering some applause.
The board unanimously voted in favor of transporting the county’s trash to an out-of-state landfill for $50.95 per ton using a highest last-minute contract.
After considering five suggestions, including three out-of-state prices and 2 waste-to-energy facilities outside Maryland, the commissioners narrowed their choices between two sidewalks with varying contracts.
Commissioners previously leaned toward the first option, which offered contracts stretching 25 years at a mean of $54.97 a ton, although that cost can escalate annually using the consumer price index and fuel rates. However, the board unanimously chose the second option, which Gardner also favored.
Around 30 individuals testified in front of the board regarding the incinerator job, using a bit more than half in favor of scrapping it along with the remainder advocating for maintaining the job on the table to consider it more deeply.
“The incinerator is a waste of energy, a waste of resources (also ) a waste of cash,” Brunswick resident Ellis Burruss testified. “It’d be good not to waste any more time .”
Other residents noted the proposed location of this incinerator, near Monocacy National Battlefield, could ruin the playground ’s beauty and tourism.
However, resident Greg Brown voiced his support for a regional incinerator, supposing it had been more environmentally friendly than the other choices commissioners were contemplating.
“The top landfills … are three or more times more pollutant than a waste-to-energy facility,” Brown stated.
Another resident stated Europe has been constructing waste-to-energy centers for many years without the unwanted effects that many have brought up.
Jim Warner, CEO of the Lancaster County Solid Waste Management Authority in Pennsylvania, pitched a proposition for hauling the county’s trash, but the commissioners chose to proceed with an undisclosed out-of-state landfill using a Brief contract.
“I was actually with this (incinerator project), but with all the energy costs and Carroll County falling out … I’m not,” Delauter said, echoing the ideas of Young and Gray.
by: http://besttopics.net/link/214519_county-scraps-plans-for-waste-to-energy-incinerator-politics-and-government-frederick-news-post
hot medical waste disposing machine, Operation Condition: 8-16 hr/ day
hot medical waste disposing machine, Operation Condition: 8-16 hr/ day
Control: Built-in data recording
Operating temperature: Incinerator
/Primary Combustion Chamber
Primary Chamber: 900 – 1200 0C
Control: Built-in data recording
Operating temperature: Incinerator
/Primary Combustion Chamber
Primary Chamber: 900 – 1200 0C
Type: horizontal/vertical
Temperature: 1200- 1300 oC
Residence time of gases : >2 seconds
Ash Residue: <5% of original waste size
Ash Handling System: Both Automatic and manual removal of Ash. Must ensure removal/treatment of hazardous remnants of ash
Flue gas treatment system : Capable of treating the flow of flue gas as the incinerator is operating at its maximum capacity
Auxiliary device: Water level gauge, pressure sensor, PH sensor..etc
Auxiliary device: Fuel cut-off device
Waste feeding mechanism: Automatic pneumatic/hydraulic waste loading system or conveyor belt , capacity 650-800 L at a time
Chimney (Stack):
Type: Vertical type
height:>7 meter’
Material: Fireproof cast, stainless steel
OUTPUT:
GAS- SMOKELESS,ODORLESS
ASH -Max <5% of original waste size
Reduction of Pollutant gas SO2, HCL, HF and line particulate
Emission standard:
WHO/ European
Test report for emission testing provided?
Heat exchange mode: Automatic
Type: Constant loading, Top LoadingCapacity/Burn Speed per hour: 250 -300 kg/hr Substance:External- 3 layers Internal lining: a fire proof material of pre-fired refractory bricks Using Aluminium lining, resistant to corrosive Gas or Waste and Also to thermal shockSecondary Combustion Chamber:
Burnaby garbage incinerator operator sued over pollution concerns
The Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District is suing Maxxam Analytics International Corp. and Covanta Burnaby Renewable Energy ULC for Supposedly failing to properly Examine fly ash samples in the district’s waste-to-energy facility in Burnaby.
Non-hazardous fly ash is accepted and disposed of in the Cache Creek landfill, the claim states. Samples analyzed by Maxxam in the summer and autumn in 2012, however, came back indicating high levels of cadmium that exceeded acceptable levels permitted for disposal in the landfill.
The results, the district claims,”called into question the power of the treatment of fly ash” at the center, forcing the plaintiff to incur charges by requiring greater sampling and testing, investigating the origin of the high cadmium levels and locating another disposal site for fly ash in Alberta. After the Ministry of Environment hit on the district using an advisory letter of non-compliance, the plaintiff hired”consultants, experts and legal counsel” to assist investigate.
An audit of Maxxam’s laboratory found that it did not follow appropriate methods, called the”Toxic Characteristic Leaching Procedure” and the”United States Environmental Protection Agency Method 1311″ to test the fly ash, according to the lawsuit. The Ministry of Environment’s evaluation found Maxxam’s results unreliable because of improper testing procedures and also discovered that”Covanta’s quality control and quality assurance protocols in the WTEF [Waste-to-Energy Facility] were not sufficiently developed to determine if leachability was happening or if a problem with the treated fly ash or the treatment system was happening,” the claim states. Additionally, the ministry discovered that Covanta could not readily”provide assurance that the treated fly ash fulfilled the toxic waste requirements under the Hazardous Waste Regulation.”
The district expects damages for negligence, misrepresentation, negligent operation of a service and breach of contract. The allegations have not been proven in court and the defendants hadn’t filed responses to the promise by press time.
by: http://prod-admin1.glacier.atex.cniweb.net:8080/preview/www/2.2551/2.2759/2.2742/1.1493460#
Hazardous situation: Incinerators in K-P’s major hospitals from order
PESHAWAR:
Based on information gathered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 15 to 20 tons of hospital waste is made every day in the provincial capital alone. Nearly half of the total waste is recycled while the remainder is accumulated by the Peshawar Development Authority (PDA).
LRH
“To be truthful, we have one incinerator which is not in proper working condition and hardly disposes a quarter of the total waste generated,” said an official in Lady Reading Hospital while requesting anonymity. “But we have a new incinerator which will soon be functional.”
The officer, who didn’t know the specific figure of the waste created, said LRH has been one of the most popular hospitals across the nation. It has over 5,000 people (at least 3,000 in outpatient and 2,000 in accident and emergency departments) from across the province on a daily basis.
“The incinerator below process has some problems as some of its components are yet to be obtained,” said the official. “It also requires adequate gas–another significant issue –but we’re in touch with Sui Northern Gas Pipeline Limited (SNGPL).”
The LRH official added that the supply of gas to the hospital isn’t enough for sterilisation. He said the hospital government is connected with SNGPL authorities and the issue will soon be solved.
HMC
Hayatabad Medical Complex (HMC) Chief Executive Dr Mumtaz Marwat said the incinerator in HMC is out of sequence but it will burn some waste. “The left is gathered from the PDA and the hospital administration has approved Rs0.4million for a new incinerator, which will soon be installed”
“Together with all the solid waste created by KTH, we also recycle waste that comes from some private hospitals at University Town,” said Roghani.
The EPA has already sent a written notice to the health directorate, asking it to correctly dispose of medical waste as stated beneath Hospital Waste Management Rules 2005. These say the duty of waste management is based solely with the magician that created it.
What occurs following
Actually if the incinerators at these hospitals have been repaired, the issue of unattended dump is very likely to persist. This is largely due to the tiny personal health centers which lack the fundamental knowledge and dispose of their waste as’municipal waste’. The ever-increasing amount of such centers is directly proportional to the waste created, making it a threat for the surroundings as at times that the waste is just left in a pile or buried to groundwater.
Incinerator with Capacity of destruction in weight: 60 Kg/h.
Ability of destruction in weight: 60 Kg/h.
It should be in a position to operate not less than 10 hours/day
This incinerator must be able to destruct all combustible wastes generated by hospitals, private clinics, labs, institutes, etc…
Design Specification: Forms A, B, C, D, and E of medical waste
“PYROLYTIC” combustion, by simply controlling the gasification of waste.
The incinerator must prevent the discharge of smoke and fine dust, (Smokeless) throughout the loadings.
It should be able to decrease the volume of wastes from 98%.
It should be in a position to hold emission in the next burn with gas residence of not less than 2 seconds.
The incineration must be completely free of visible smoke in addition to offensive odours.
The reduced volt electricity (L.C.P) of this waste will be 3,500 kcal/kg
The Temperatures of combustion: Minimum will be 850oC and maximum 1400oC
Post combustion: 1100oC.
The Internal diameter of the Chimney: Ø 400 and its elevation: 8 m
The Loudness of the combustion room: 1.200 L
The Dimension of this door for loading in cm: 70×70.
Burner operation should be Automatic On/Off
Gas: petrol
The supplier must provide necessary information for the top of this installment
This incinerator with”PYROLYTIC” combustion must have:
A combustion chamber of waste:
* Totally tight door for your manual loading of waste. The loading must be Manual, Batch Load
* A burner of light which the usage is limited to the ignition of waste.
* Frontage of loading door seals gone on hinges, wheel of screw plug, elastic joint, and stuffing insulating from refractory.
* The insulating material of the combustion chamber should be composed of refractory bricks, so using a high content of aluminum and insulates bricks so as to assure a minimum temperature on the exterior sheet metal. Thickness : ≥100 mm
. Nature: 42% of Al203
Insulate in fibrous panels:
. Thickness: ≥75 mm
Nature: Calcium silicate.
* Burner of light of waste, together with gas, regular mono-bloc casting directing stirring flame, lighting and safety of digital ignition, permanent venting, electromagnetic sluice gate of regulation and isolating valve.
. Thickness: ≥75 mm
Nature: Calcium silicate.
* Burner of lighting of waste, with fuel, standard mono-bloc casting guiding plunging flame, lighting and safety of electronic ignition, permanent ventilation, electromagnetic sluice gate of regulation and isolating valve.
* Plate of combustion in Carborundum, avoiding the fixing of glass and slags.
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Adjumani Hospital incinerator blows up
ADJUMANI.
For the past four months, support staff in the hospital have been dumping medical waste within the enclosure of the incinerator rather than burning it.
The hospital administrator, Mr Michael Ojja, told Daily Monitor on Wednesday the incinerator resigned because of continuous burning of collected waste from the hospital.
“The waste has grown due to the overwhelming number of admissions and individuals visiting the hospital section. However, we must find solutions to protect the staff and environment,” Ojja said.
He said the incinerator was too small to dispose of the hospital’s voluminous medical waste.
Patients admitted to the general ward next to the incinerator expressed fear of ailments arising from bad disposal of toxic medical waste.
According to the 2013-2014 yearly health industry performance report, Adjumani Hospital registers 11,731 in-patients, 83,953 outpatients and 1,695 deliveries.
Scientific facts
Incineration of heavy metals or materials with high metal content (in particular lead, mercury and cadmium) releases toxic metals to the environment and the burnt medical waste contains micro-organisms that are potentially harmful to human beings, according to WHO.